Scientists report the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to produce a tenfold increase in super-bug targeting formicamycin antibiotics.WASP-62b is confirmed to be the first hot Jupiter exoplanet without clouds or haze in its observable atmosphere.Archaeologists report that the African cultural phase, called Middle Stone Age, thought to have lasted from ~300–30 ka, lasted to ~11 ka in some places, highlighting significant spatial and temporal cultural variability.It is located 13 bn light-years away, does not yet have an accepted non-identifier name and significantly challenges theoretical models of early SMBH growth, apparently existing just ∼670 million years after the Big Bang despite its large size. Īrtist's conception of the quasar J0313–1806, seen as it was only 670 million years after the Big BangScientists report the discovery of the most distant, and therefore oldest, quasar, J0313–1806. A potential mRNA vaccine for multiple sclerosis is presented by a collaboration including BioNTech, with a study in mice showing great promise for improving symptoms and stopping disease progression.Authors conclude that "massive risk mitigation can be delivered" while noting that broad priority areas each lack a "high-quality research base", partly due to the absence of "substantial research funding", which scientists often require. It finds that about half of all the municipal solid terrestrial waste – or close to one billion tons per year – is either not collected or mismanaged after collection, often being burned in open and uncontrolled fires. The first systematic review of the scientific evidence around global waste, its management and its impact on human health and life is published, providing assessments, suggestions for corrective action, engineering solutions and requests for further research.
Chinese researchers report that they have built the world's largest integrated quantum communication network, combining over 700 optical fibers with two QKD-ground-to-satellite links for a total distance between nodes of the network of networks of up to ~4,600 km.Scientists report the successful use of gene editing in mice with progeria, a premature aging disease.Ħ January: The first systematic review of the scientific evidence around global waste, its management and its impact on human health and life is published. 5 January – Using theoretical calculations, researchers suggest that humans would be unable to control a superintelligent AI.Scientists describe a CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing approach which could be used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration caused by VEGFA and Herpes simplex type 1: injection of engineered lentiviruses into the affected anatomical regions for transient editing without inducing off-target edits.Researchers describe how the damage to nerve cells caused by motor neurone disease could be repaired by improving the energy levels in mitochondria.Media reports that engineers worldwide discuss a negative leap second and other possible measures as Earth spun faster in 2020.1 January – Beginning of the implementation of Plan S, an initiative for open-access science publishing launched in 2018 that requires papers from 2021 onwards from over 10 European countries that resulted from research funded by public grants to be published under an open licence in compliant journals or platforms, available to all.Science Summary for this section (January)
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